A federal judge issued a scathing 34-page decision condemning U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents for making arrests while wearing masks that conceal their identities. Judge Joseph Goodwin of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia found that ICE agents violated an immigrant's constitutional rights when they arrested him in masks and detained him without a bond hearing, comparing the masked agents to a "regime of secret policing" and noting the historical use of masks by authoritarian regimes and the Ku Klux Klan. The judge stated that masked agents operating without warrants in routine civil immigration enforcement "is a deliberate choice" that has no place in American society, as "an anonymous government is no government at all."