Human Impact Project

Petitioner Erik Orlando Lopez-Martinez was granted voluntary departure by an immigration judge in 2017 but never left the country, causing that order to automatically convert into a final removal order under federal law. In June 2025, he was detained after law enforcement executed a search warrant at his place of employment, and he was held for nearly a year at the Montgomery Municipal Jail under a material witness warrant. On May 22, 2026, a magistrate judge dismissed the material witness warrant and ordered his release, but he was not released and remained in custody for reasons unknown to the court. He filed a federal habeas corpus petition on July 31, 2026, seeking release or a bond hearing before an immigration judge. Respondents indicated that ICE had only lodged a detainer at the time the petition was filed and did not take physical custody of him until August 4, 2026, after which he was transferred to a facility within the Northern District of Alabama. The court dismissed the petition without prejudice, finding both that Petitioner failed to comply with a show-cause order and that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction because he was not in ICE custody at the time of filing, noting jurisdiction now lies only in the district of his current confinement.

Juan Quim, 19, a Guatemalan national who arrived in the U.S. at age 10, was pulled over for a traffic offense in Littleville on July 29, 2026, and transferred to ICE custody via a 287(g) transfer. He recently graduated with honors from Russellville High School, excelled in the school's welding program, earned several awards, and worked at a local restaurant. Active in his church and deeply connected to his community, Quim now faces deportation despite an outstanding removal order allegedly issued after he failed to appear at immigration hearings in 2023 when he was 15 years old. According to community organizer Gracie Pounders, Quim and his family were unaware of the hearing. He is currently detained at a facility in Natchez, Mississippi.

Maisa Lopes Eliaser, a 32-year-old Brazilian national with no criminal record, was detained by ICE on July 8, 2026, during a scheduled green card adjustment-of-status interview in Montgomery, Alabama. She is married to Staff Sergeant Alexis Jaramillo, an active-duty Army soldier of 11 years. Lopes Eliaser legally entered the U.S. on June 18, 2019, with authorization to remain until December 2019, but overstayed her visa. She had previously applied for asylum and later sought permanent residency through marriage; her green card petition had been approved before her detention. Immigration officials indicated she missed a biometrics appointment related to her asylum case, resulting in a removal order from an immigration judge on April 15, 2026. She is currently held at the South Louisiana ICE Processing Center in Basile, Louisiana. Jaramillo stated he feels "betrayed" by the detention, believing the family was completing the legal process for her permanent residency. The detention has caused panic attacks for Jaramillo and emotional distress for their young stepson. Her case is now before the Board of Immigration Appeals.

On June 30, 2026, Homeland Security Investigations agents executed federal search warrants at Scholar Craft manufacturing plants in Birmingham and Irondale, Alabama, as part of an investigation into alleged identity fraud and unlawful employment practices. More than 30 people identified as being in the country without authorization were encountered and taken into custody pending immigration proceedings. The operation involved federal, state, and local law enforcement partners.

On June 17, 2026, ICE agents stopped a vehicle on Highway 59 near Mobile, Alabama, and detained Alejandro Alvarado Ramírez, leaving his 5-year-old son Ericson/Erikson alone in the car at a church parking lot. An ICE agent provided the child with his father's phone to contact his mother. The child's mother called a babysitter, and when the babysitter's 20-year-old twins arrived at the parking lot to retrieve the child, ICE agents approached them, requested identification, and photographed their licenses before departing. Advocates raised concerns about the safety risks posed by leaving a young child unattended during the detention.

Leonardo Garcia Venegas, a U.S. citizen born in Florida, was detained by ICE agents three separate times within 12 months despite carrying valid identification. In May 2025, he was tackled and handcuffed during a construction site raid in Foley while filming his brother's arrest. In June 2025, he was detained at a home in Fairhope after agents rejected his REAL ID. On May 2, 2026, ICE agents followed him home, pulled him from his vehicle, and placed him in leg shackles despite his presentation of citizenship documentation. Venegas filed a federal lawsuit against the federal government alleging Fourth Amendment violations, assault, battery, false arrest, and warrantless, suspicionless detentions.

Wendy Hernandez Reyes, a 29-year-old undocumented immigrant and domestic violence survivor with no criminal record, was detained by Baldwin County sheriff's deputies in Alabama on January 8, 2026, during a traffic stop. After ICE was contacted, Hernandez repeatedly requested her release to care for her 2-year-old U.S. citizen son, Orlin, but was denied. She was deported to Honduras on January 26, 2026, without her son and was forced to leave him in the care of her brother-in-law, Samuel Maldonado Erazo. On March 4, 2026, Orlin died from multiple blunt force traumas inflicted by Maldonado, who was charged with first-degree murder. A federal court reopened a case against the Department of Homeland Security alleging ICE officials failed to follow safety protocols during separation and lacked a reunification plan, while ICE blamed Hernandez for leaving her son with the relative.

Leonardo Garcia Venegas, a 26-year-old Florida-born U.S. citizen whose parents are from Mexico, was detained by ICE and local police three separate times between May 2025 and May 2026. In his first detention in May 2025, officers raided a coastal Alabama construction site where Garcia Venegas was working, forced him to the ground, and held him for over an hour despite him repeatedly stating he was a citizen and showing his ID. Weeks later, he was detained again at a home he was building when an officer refused to accept his Alabama REAL ID as proof of citizenship. On May 2, 2026, officers approached him while he was parking at home in Silverhill, Alabama, pulled him from his truck, shackled him, and held him for several minutes despite his attempts to show his Alabama STAR ID and offer to retrieve his American passport; officers stated he was stopped because his truck was registered to his undocumented brother. Videos of the first two incidents went viral, and Garcia Venegas appeared before Congress. In each instance, he was eventually released after proving his citizenship. Garcia Venegas filed a federal lawsuit challenging ICE's authority to raid private construction sites without warrants and detain workers without reasonable suspicion, claiming violations of Fourth Amendment rights. He told media outlets the repeated detentions have caused him stress and depression, and he now lives in constant fear, unable to go about his daily life freely.

On March 31, 2026, a traffic stop on Interstate 20 near Leeds, Alabama resulted in the arrest of four individuals. The driver presented a Mexican identification card instead of an Alabama driver license, prompting an Alabama State Police trooper to contact U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. When the driver and two passengers fled on foot into nearby woods, law enforcement apprehended all three without incident. All four individuals were arrested by the Leeds Police Department. The Alabama Law Enforcement Agency and ICE are investigating the incident.

Pío Figueroa, a Latin convenience store owner in Russellville, Alabama, was detained by ICE on January 30 while transporting $21,000 in cash to a bank for his money transfer business. The funds, collected from community members sending remittances to Latin America, have not been accounted for since his arrest. His legal team notes that ICE agents do not use body cameras, making it impossible to track what happened to the money. Figueroa was held at Winn Correctional Center in Louisiana and now faces deportation proceedings.

ICE agents detained Reginald Toussaint, a Haitian with Temporary Protected Status, while he was picking up his wife from work in Birmingham, Alabama. Agents approached multiple unmarked vehicles and removed Toussaint from the family's minivan in front of his children. Toussaint stated he had valid TPS status. He was charged with impersonating a U.S. citizen based on an alleged pistol permit application from August 2025 where he marked the citizenship box. His wife disputes this characterization.

Ali Hussein Mubarak, a Yemeni national with Temporary Protected Status and father of four U.S. citizen children, was detained by ICE on March 6, 2026, three days after his TPS status expired on March 3, 2026. He owns a car dealership in Birmingham, Alabama and his wife is a U.S. citizen pregnant with their fifth child. The court denied his motion for temporary restraining order seeking immediate release from detention.

Elder Chavez Carranza, 18, a junior at Asbury High School living with his sister as his legal guardian, was detained by ICE after a traffic stop by Alabama state troopers on December 30, 2025, for speeding and driving without a license. Carranza came to the United States in 2022 at age 14, escaping violence and poverty in Honduras. He claims he was granted Special Immigrant Juvenile status in September 2025 and was seeking a green card. He has been held at Winn Correctional Center in Louisiana since his arrest. Community members across three states, including local churches and activists, have organized vigils and rallies calling for his release, arguing he has legal status and should be allowed to return to school.

A growing number of detainees in U.S. immigration detention centers have signed voluntary departure agreements in exchange for promised cash payments ranging from $1,000 to $3,000. Immigration lawyers describe the practice as psychological pressure to discourage migrants from defending their cases in court. Many detainees report signing under pressure to escape harsh detention conditions, though most experience significant delays in receiving promised funds. Luis Andrés Monterroso López, 29, detained at Alvarado detention center in Texas, signed such an agreement and was deported to Guatemala in December 2025. He eventually received $2,600 through Western Union in March 2026, which he used to establish a mechanic shop in his village.

Lonardo Garcia Venegas, 25, was at a construction site in coastal Alabama when immigration agents arrived. Garcia Venegas began filming after his undocumented brother requested a warrant from agents. Agents removed his brother to the ground during the encounter. Garcia Venegas was also taken into custody. Agents checked his REAL ID, which Alabama issues to those legally in the U.S. Garcia Venegas was held handcuffed for more than an hour. His brother was later deported. Garcia Venegas returned to work two weeks later. On a subsequent occasion, an immigration agent encountered Garcia Venegas at a construction site and checked his REAL ID. Agents also held two other workers who had legal status during immigration enforcement activities.

U.S. immigration officials deported an Alabama man to Laos despite a federal court order that blocked his removal. According to attorneys, the deportation proceeded against the court's directive.

Leonardo Garcia Venegas, a 25-year-old U.S. citizen of Mexican descent working in construction, was detained twice by immigration agents in coastal Alabama. During the first incident, agents ignored white and Black co-workers while targeting Latino workers, then tackled his undocumented brother and grabbed Garcia Venegas after he began filming and stated he was a citizen. Agents dismissed his Alabama REAL ID as fake and held him handcuffed for over an hour; his brother was later deported. In a second detention at a construction site weeks later, agents again questioned his citizenship and dismissed his REAL ID despite him providing both it and his Social Security card. Garcia Venegas was never charged with any crime and filed a federal lawsuit alleging unlawful detention and civil rights violations.

Chanthila "Shawn" Souvannarath, 44, was deported to Laos on Friday despite a federal court order issued the day before blocking his removal. The judge had ordered ICE to keep him in the country so he could present a claim of U.S. citizenship. DHS claimed the court order was not received until after the deportation had already occurred. Souvannarath, who was born in a refugee camp in Thailand but has lived most of his life in the U.S., had been granted lawful permanent residence before his first birthday.

Leonardo Garcia Venegas, a U.S.-born citizen, was detained by ICE agents on two separate occasions at construction sites in recent months. His attorney disputes the government's claim that he interfered with agents, stating he was violently tackled and detained despite showing his Real ID both times. The lawsuit alleges ICE violated Fourth Amendment protections and that officers targeted Latino workers based on racial assumptions.

Ribvar Karimi, an Iranian national, has been in ICE custody for over 50 days in Alabama. He missed the birth of his child while detained.

A man named Orlin was taken into ICE custody for the second time after his family's dog discovered human remains at a home in Center Point, Alabama. His wife, Paulina Mejia, is now caring for their young daughter alone while managing their remodeling business. The couple had been cooperating with law enforcement in the investigation when ICE detained Orlin and transferred him to a detention facility in Louisiana.

Maisa Lopes Eliaser, a 32-year-old Brazilian national, was detained by ICE in early July 2025 during a scheduled adjustment-of-status interview at a USCIS office in Montgomery, Alabama, where she was seeking lawful permanent residency through her marriage to Army Staff Sergeant Alexis Jaramillo. Eliaser legally entered the U.S. on a tourist visa in June 2019 but overstayed it; she had previously applied for asylum and later sought a green card through marriage. Jaramillo, 43, who has served in the Army for 11 years as an aviation operations specialist at Fort Polk, Louisiana, was forced to take administrative leave to care for their 5-year-old stepson, Noah. Jaramillo told reporters the experience was "really overwhelming" and that he feels "betrayed" by the detention, saying "I need to take care of my kid by myself. No one is here to help me out." Eliaser is being held at the South Louisiana ICE Processing Center. An AP investigation found that at least 52 parents and spouses of active-duty service members have been detained by immigration officers since Trump took office for a second term.

ICE detained several undocumented immigrants during what they believed were routine check-ins at the Intensive Supervision Appearance Program (ISAP) office in Birmingham's Southside last week. The detainees had final removal orders from immigration judges and had not complied with those orders, according to ICE officials. Immigration advocates expressed concern that targeting people in the ISAP program, which is meant to be an alternative to detention, sends a discouraging message to immigrants trying to follow the law.

Leo Garcia Venegas, a U.S. citizen born in Florida, was detained twice by ICE agents while working in construction in southern Alabama in 2025. On May 21, federal agents raided a construction site where Venegas was working, detained him along with Latino coworkers, and dismissed his REAL ID-compliant driver's license as fake, keeping him handcuffed for nearly an hour before confirming his citizenship via Social Security number. On June 12, he was again detained at a residential construction site when officers refused to accept his REAL ID and was released only after they confirmed his lawful status. Venegas has filed a federal lawsuit challenging the raids.

Leonardo García Venegas, a Florida-born U.S. citizen with valid REAL ID, was arrested by ICE agents at a construction site in Alabama on May 21. When he provided his identification, agents claimed it was fake and handcuffed him. He was released hours later after reciting his Social Security number to prove his citizenship.

During an ICE checkpoint in Bon Secour, Alabama staffed by ICE agents, Alabama State Troopers, and Baldwin County Sheriffs, a young person's arm was broken during an attempted detention into an unmarked vehicle. According to witnesses, an officer told him to "pop it back in." The person was released without charges but required hospitalization for the arm injury. A trooper's badge number was recorded at the scene.

Alireza Doroudi, a doctoral student in mechanical engineering at the University of Alabama from Iran, was detained by ICE agents on March 25, 2025, around 3-5 a.m. at his home after the State Department revoked his F-1 student visa. Doroudi had entered the U.S. in January 2023 and his visa was revoked six months after arrival, though university international student services advised he could remain legally if he maintained student status. DHS cited national security concerns as the basis for the detention and visa revocation, but provided no specific allegations. Doroudi's immigration attorney stated he is unaware of any such concerns. He is being held at the Jena/LaSalle Detention Facility in Louisiana.

Gehovani Alvirde Ruiz, a lawful permanent resident, was detained by federal agents in his front yard on February 1, 2025. Agents claimed both his Social Security card and permanent residency card were fake and transported him to an immigration detention center where he was placed in a cell. After approximately two hours, agents released him, stating there had been an error in their system. Ruiz testified in the Venegas lawsuit regarding his experience.