ICE operates at least 170 unofficial "hold room" detention sites across 49 states and four U.S. territories, including four in Arizona, where more than 140,000 undocumented immigrants were held between January and October 2025. These facilities lack basic amenities like beds and toilets, and federal data shows thousands of violations of the 72-hour detention limit, with one detainee held 292 days in Newark, New Jersey. At least 109 of the sites have held a child, including 927 children in New York, 749 in Phoenix, and a one-year-old girl in Colorado. The network has existed since at least 2011 and has been maintained and expanded under both Democratic and Republican administrations, including roughly 80,000 people detained in the final 16 months of the Biden administration.