DHS's Operation Metro Surge in the Minneapolis metropolitan area in early 2026 resulted in 94 documented crowd-control weapons misuse incidents — nearly a quarter of all cases nationwide. DHS agents were responsible for at least 76% of incidents. Federal officers, almost exclusively ICE and other DHS components, deployed the MK-9, a highly pressurized pepper spray system, at distances consistently below manufacturer-recommended safety thresholds of 6 feet. ICE accounted for 21 of 44 MK-9 incidents (48%) and DHS agencies overall accounted for 82%. On the day Border Patrol Commander Gregory Bovino arrived (January 7, 2026), 12 incidents were recorded, rising to 40 within the first week and 50 within two weeks, compared to just one incident in the preceding week.